Essex County, NJ

This county of 901,336 residents needs 29,804 more housing units over the next five years. Essex County is a CDBG-entitlement community, see how the ROAD to Housing Act could change that funding. Essex County is part of the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority.

Housing snapshot

Population
901,336 (2026)
Households
324,960
Median household income
$89,633 (2026)
Typical home value
$506,988
Owner-occupied
43%
Five-year housing need
29,804 units

Comparison to other New Jersey counties

Essex County: $89,633 Median income (2026 estimate)
<$73K >$157K
Essex County: 1.11 jobs to household ratio
<0.63 >1.61
Essex County: Permits since 2021 represent 5.4% of housing
<1.2% >7.8%
On this page

How affordable is this community?

In Essex County, NJ, the typical home price of $506,988 is below the New Jersey average of $576,578. Essex County, NJ's median household income of $89,633 falls well short of what is needed to afford the typical home, leaving a gap of about $56,449.

This chart tracks whether housing prices are keeping pace with local incomes. The gap between what homes cost and what households can afford reveals affordability trends over time.

How is the population changing?

Essex County, NJ has a population of roughly 863,002, growing modestly at 0.9% per year.

Population growth patterns reveal how communities are evolving. This chart shows historical population changes by age group and projects future trends based on demographic patterns.

How has employment changed over time?

Jobs by industry sector since 2012. Switch between local jobs — counted where the jobs are located — and resident jobs, counted where the workers live. On the local view the most recent year is a nowcast: it grows the latest local LODES job mix forward using recent county employment growth from QCEW and the BLS local employment series, so the newest point tracks today's economy instead of data that is roughly two years old.

How are households changing by income?

With roughly 324,960 households, Essex County, NJ is growing modestly at 0.9% per year.

Understanding how households at different income levels are growing or declining helps identify which groups face the greatest housing pressure and where new housing is most needed.

Who lives here today?

The housing stock in Essex County, NJ is relatively mixed, with attached single-family and 2-4 unit multifamily as the most common type at 35%. In Essex County, NJ, renters make up the majority, with only 43% of units owner-occupied.

Households may have different structure type preferences depending on characteristics such as household size, income, employment, presence of children, age of individuals, and lifestyle choices. Understanding the housing stock in corresponding terms helps assess how well existing units align with existing households' ideals.

What does the housing stock look like?

The mix of housing types and ownership patterns shapes a community's character. This chart breaks down housing units by structure type and whether they're owner-occupied or rented.

How much new housing supply is needed?

To keep up with growth and fill current housing shortages, Essex County, NJ needs 29,804 new units over the next 5 years.

8,746
Units needed to keep up with expected growth
Projected total household growth from 2026 to 2031.
2.7%
Projected household growth rate
Expected increase in total households from 324,960 in 2026 to 333,706 in 2031.
21,058
Units to address shortages in existing housing stock
Production needs to address vacancy rates and other factors.
1,630
Replacement housing
Effective annual loss rate is 1.0 per 1,000 units.
1,120
Ownership vacancy adjustment
Owner-occupied vacancy is 0.7%. This is below the minimum stable target of 1.5%.
9,240
Rental vacancy adjustment
Rental vacancy is 2.7%. This is below the minimum stable target of 7.4%.
8,496
Overcrowding adjustment
Overcrowding rate is 6.1%. This is above National avg. of 3.4%.
572
Substandard housing adjustment
Substandard housing rate is 1.16%. This is above National avg. of 0.98%.
29,804
Total 5-year housing production need (2026-2031)
5,961
Annual production pace
Average units needed per year to meet 5-year need
8.8%
Total housing unit growth
Percent increase in housing stock over 5 years
1.8%
Annual housing unit growth
Average percent increase in housing stock per year

Build Now Act: how could CDBG funding change?

The Build Now Act (Section 213 of the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act) ties a CDBG entitlement community's grant to how much housing it is building. This is a CommunityScale estimate from public ACS data, not HUD's official determination — HUD calculates from Census Master Address File block counts.

How do these communities compare to each other?